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Parental Bonding Instrument

The Parental Bonding Instrument was included on the 1989 self completion questionnaire.

The PBI is a 'retrospective' measure where study members were asked how they remembered, separately, their mother and father in their first 16 years. The 25 items are used to derived two dimensions: “care” and “control / overprotection”. Of the 25 items in the scale one was omitted (item 4: Seemed emotionally cold to me), and 5 items were reworded from a negative direction to a positive direction (items 2, 8, 14, 18 and 24).

Individual items and derived measures are available as is the full recoding documentation. see Rodgers, B., (Psychol Med. 1996 Jan;26(1):51-61. and Rodgers, B., Psychol Med. 1996 Jan;26(1):63-77).