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| mrepo:topics:adultcognitivefunction [03/04/2018 @ 17:20] – [Adult Cognitive Function] adammoore | mrepo:topics:adultcognitivefunction [14/11/2023 @ 12:31] (current) – director |
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| ==== Adult Cognitive Function ==== | ==== Adult Cognitive Function ==== |
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| With the single exception of a test repeated at age 26 years (reading comprehension), cognitive function was not assessed from adolescence until age 43 years, when there was a shift away from tests of intellectual ability and towards the assessment of functional cognitive performance (memory, processing speed, and motor praxis). Some of these tests were repeated at age 53 years, with the addition at this age of a verbal ability test (the ART) to link back to related tests in childhood. | With the single exception of a test repeated at age 26 years (reading comprehension), cognitive function was not assessed from adolescence until age 43 years, when there was a shift away from tests of intellectual ability and towards the assessment of functional cognitive performance (memory, processing speed, and motor praxis). Some of these tests were repeated at age 53 years, with the addition at this age of a verbal ability test (the NART) to link back to related tests in childhood. |
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| At this age the verbal learning and timed letter search tasks used at age 43 years (nos. 1 and 4 above) were re-administered, although the latter used only one trial. In addition, a delayed recall condition was added to the verbal learning task, using an interval of approximately 90 seconds. Tests 2, 3 and 5 above were not re-administered at 53 years. However, four new tests were given at this age: | At this age the verbal learning and timed letter search tasks used at age 43 years (nos. 1 and 4 above) were re-administered, although the latter used only one trial. In addition, a delayed recall condition was added to the verbal learning task, using an interval of approximately 90 seconds. Tests 2, 3 and 5 above were not re-administered at 53 years. However, four new tests were given at this age: |
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| - **The National Adult Reading Test** (ART; Nelson & Willisson, 1991). This is a pronunciation test involving 50 irregular words of increasing difficulty, chosen to violate conventional grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules. To pronounce any of the words correctly the respondent must therefore be able to recognize them in their written form rather than rely on intelligent guesswork. Thus it is effectively a test of knowledge acquisition, although it correlates with full-scale IQ. \\ **N.B.** the ART is traditionally scored for errors, as it is here, but this can easily be inverted by subtracting the score from 50, so as to be consistent with the direction of the other cognitive test scores. | - **The National Adult Reading Test** (NART; Nelson & Willisson, 1991). This is a pronunciation test involving 50 irregular words of increasing difficulty, chosen to violate conventional grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules. To pronounce any of the words correctly the respondent must therefore be able to recognize them in their written form rather than rely on intelligent guesswork. Thus it is effectively a test of knowledge acquisition, although it correlates with full-scale IQ. \\ **N.B.** the NART is traditionally scored for errors, as it is here, but this can easily be inverted by subtracting the score from 50, so as to be consistent with the direction of the other cognitive test scores. |
| - **Verbal fluency** Category fluency was assessed by asking survey members to name as many different animals as possible in one minute. The score is the total number of animals named, allowing anything belonging to the animal kingdom (from amoeba to humans), but not counting repetitions, redundancies (e.g. brown cow, spotted cow) or proper names (e.g. Rover, Kitty). | - **Verbal fluency** Category fluency was assessed by asking survey members to name as many different animals as possible in one minute. The score is the total number of animals named, allowing anything belonging to the animal kingdom (from amoeba to humans), but not counting repetitions, redundancies (e.g. brown cow, spotted cow) or proper names (e.g. Rover, Kitty). |
| - **Prospective memory** (sometimes referred to as 'remembering to remember'). Survey members were informed that, at a later stage of the interview, they would be given an envelope and asked to write a name and address on it, and that, on receipt of the envelope, they were to remember to turn it over, seal it, and write their initials on it. For the outcome variable a full score of 3 was achieved if both actions were completed without prompting; 2 if one action was achieved without prompting; and 0 if no action was undertaken without a prompt. | - **Prospective memory** (sometimes referred to as 'remembering to remember'). Survey members were informed that, at a later stage of the interview, they would be given an envelope and asked to write a name and address on it, and that, on receipt of the envelope, they were to remember to turn it over, seal it, and write their initials on it. For the outcome variable a full score of 3 was achieved if both actions were completed without prompting; 2 if one action was achieved without prompting; and 0 if no action was undertaken without a prompt. |
| At this age the verbal learning and timed letter search tasks, which had been used at age 43, 53 and 60-64 years (nos. 1 and 4, age 43) were re-administered, although the latter used only one trial. A finger-tapping test (number of taps with index finger in a set time, both hands tested separately) also took place. \\ \\ There was also a new cognitive test given at this age: | At this age the verbal learning and timed letter search tasks, which had been used at age 43, 53 and 60-64 years (nos. 1 and 4, age 43) were re-administered, although the latter used only one trial. A finger-tapping test (number of taps with index finger in a set time, both hands tested separately) also took place. \\ \\ There was also a new cognitive test given at this age: |
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| 1. **Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III** {{mrepo:ACE-III.pdf|(ACE-III)}}. The ACE-III is an extension to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), testing five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, memory, language, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills. Scores are evaluated for each of the domains, as well as an overall score out of 100, with a higher score denoting better cognitive function. As the MMSE is part of the ACE-III, a score for this can also be generated. The examination was conducted using the ACEmobile, which was installed on an ipad, providing prompts to help guide the interviewer through the assessment. | 1. **Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III** {{mrepo:ACE-III.pdf|(ACE-III)}}. The ACE-III is an extension to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), testing five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, memory, language, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills. Scores are evaluated for each of the domains, as well as an overall score out of 100, with a higher score denoting better cognitive function. As an MMSE equivalent subset is contained within the ACE-III, a score for this can also be generated. The examination was mostly conducted using the ACEmobile app, which was installed on an ipad, providing prompts to help guide the interviewer through the assessment. Paper test sheets were used where necessary (e.g. for drawing tasks). |
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| === Research programme === | === Research programme === |
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| Further information on the [[http://www.nshd.mrc.ac.uk/research/mental-ageing/ |mental ageing]] research programme is available on the public LHA website. | Further information on the [[https://www.ucl.ac.uk/cardiovascular/research/population-science-and-experimental-medicine/mrc-unit-lifelong-health-and-ageing-ucl-3 |mental ageing]] research programme is available on the public LHA website. |
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| You can obtain a list of the standard topic variables to use in an NSHD data sharing request by selecting the link at the end of this page. | You can obtain a list of the standard topic variables to use in an NSHD data sharing request by selecting the link at the end of this page. |
| The XML version of the link can be sent to the LHA as part of a data sharing request. | |
| Simply use your browser's //Save As// facility to save the list of variables to a file on your computer. | |
| You can then [[mrclha.swiftinfo@ucl.ac.uk|email]] the XML version to us in support of your application, or when you fill in the [[nshd:forms|data access application form]] and it asks which variables you need, mention the 'adult cognition standard basket' along with any others. | |
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| **Please Note** that the adult cognitive ability standard basket contains the most commonly-used summary variables on this topic. The variables that are most often used longitudinally, or as cross-sectional covariates, are verbal memory (word test) summaries **WLT89**, **WLT99**, **WLT09** and **WLT15x**, and the visual search speeds **CANSP189**, **CANSP99**, **VSP09** and **VSP15x** (note change of variable name stem). CANSP189 is used for the age 43 measure rather than the average of the visual search test speeds as the test was repeated at this age, but only took place once in later years. \\ \\ | **Please Note** that the adult cognitive ability standard basket contains the most commonly-used summary variables on this topic. The variables that are most often used longitudinally, or as cross-sectional covariates, are verbal memory (word list) summaries **WLT89**, **WLT99**, **WLT09** and **WLT15x**, and the visual search speeds **CANSP189**, **CANSP99**, **VSP09** and **VSP15x** (note change of variable name stem). CANSP189 is used for the age 43 measure rather than the average of the visual search test speeds as the test was repeated at this age, but only took place once in later years. \\ \\ |
| For the full, detailed variable list please investigate this subject on [[skylark:skylark|Skylark]]. | For the full, detailed variable list please investigate this subject on [[skylark:skylark|Skylark]]. |
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| <html><b></html>{{mrepo:adult_cognition.pdf|More information}} <html></b></html>is available on this topic - including the main variable naming conventions and some value labels. | <html><b></html>{{mrepo:adult_cognition.pdf|More information}} <html></b></html>is available on this topic - including the main variable naming conventions and some value labels. |
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| [[http://kiwidev.mrceuston.local/Sparrow/search/html/keyword/mrepo:topics:adultcognitivefunction | HTML version of the standard variables to view]] | [[http://skylark.ucl.ac.uk/Sparrow/search/html/keyword/mrepo:topics:adultcognitivefunction | HTML version of the standard variables to view]] |
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| [[http://kiwidev.mrceuston.local/Sparrow/search/xml/keyword/mrepo:topics:adultcognitivefunction |Download the XML for the adult cognition standard basket]]<html></b></html> | |
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